Urbanisation – The movement of the increasing proportion of people living in urban areas, rather than rural areas Urban Sprawl – The spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside Grown rapidly from 746 million in 1950 to 3.9 billion in 2014 Fastest growing areas are in Africa and Asia (top 3 countries: India, China and Nigeria) Tokyo has the largest population of 38 … Continue reading Patterns of Urbanisation since 1945
Climate Change is a major issue in 21st century geography. The Earth’s climate is changing, with recent decades having a pattern of accelerated warming of average global temperatures. Natural Impacts Human Impacts – Change in solar activity – Meteorites – Volcanic Activity – Plate Movement – Variations in Earth’s tilt (affects amount of solar radiation reaching the surface) – Changes in oceanic circulation – Changes … Continue reading Climate Change Impacts
Context Located on the western coast of India Capital city of the Indian state, Maharashtra Largest city in India and 4th largest city in the world Population: 18.41 million Commercial capital of India Mumbai is home to the world’s most prolific film industry (Bollywood). There has been a rapid population growth, doubling since 1991 (population was at 9 million) Earthquakes up to a magnitude of … Continue reading Place Study: Mumbai
ContentsAtmospheric PollutionWater PollutionDerelictionMini Case Study: Yamuna, India’s most polluted river Atmospheric Pollution Generally higher in LICs Causes Gridlocked traffic Poorly maintained cars Increasing urbanisation Increasing population Concentrated energy use Weather: Wet and windy: Low pollution concentration Still and hot: Build up of pollution Effects Smog -> Health issues -> loss of employees -> loss of business Environmentally damaging fumes Corroded buildings Spending on dealing with … Continue reading Other Contemporary Urban Environment Issues
Context SuDS are Sustainable (urban) Drainage Systems which micks natural patterns of drainage prior to development. Lamb Drove is in Cambridgeshire, a relatively low lying county, and consequently flooding is a concern. Lamb Drove was a residential development of 35 affordable houses with the use of SuDS techniques, funded by a European programme called FLOW. The project was completed in 2006 and has since been … Continue reading Place Study: SuDS, Lamb Drove, Cambourne
Town Centre Use (Mixed-use development) Blends commercial, residential, cultural, institutional and industrial uses together Interconnected both physically and functionally Cultural and Heritage quarters Developed cultural quarters in cities to encourage growth and revitalise the local economy Why does Northampton have a cultural corner? Attracts people for development Show off culture To embed the Derngate into Northampton Expensive Make the area individual Fortress Developments Urban planners … Continue reading New Urban Landscapes
The banana market is dominated by one species of banana, the Cavendish banana. There are other types of bananas that do not fit the specified description of one and so are excluded from trade. (e.g red bananas) Quick Facts Facts about bananas Staple food (commonly eaten) for over 400 million people One of the 5 most eaten fruits worldwide 90 calories per 100g 2013 16.5 … Continue reading Case Study: The Banana Trade
What factors change a place? Wealth Development Education Natural Disasters Immigration Religion Culture Decisions of MNC/TNC Industry Politics Climate Terrorism Immigration Example: Brexit, America Impact: Spread of culture, belief Impact of impact: Split community Terrorism Example: Twin Towers Impact: Scare, reduction in tourism Impact of impact: Loss in family, mental disorders Climate Change Example: Switzerland €2 billion Impact: Change in climate, change in occurrence of natural disasters Impact … Continue reading Relationships and Connections
What makes a place unique? Name Population Significance Location History Endogenous Factors within a place that shape it’s character Endogenous Factors Include: Land Use: How dense is a population Economic Characteristics: Wealth? Topography: Physical limitations like altitude Infrastructure: Stable? Well managed? Location: Where? Physical Geography: Natural limitations Geopolitics Demographics: Language, age, race etc. Exogenous Factors from outside a place that force a change in a place’s character Exogenous Factors Include: … Continue reading Characteristics
History 1976 – Founded: 1st April by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne 1984 – Macintosh invented 1998 – Sold first IMac 2007 – Iphone introduced Key Facts Worlds largest IT company in world by revenue Apple has over 115,000 employees internationally 798,877 iphones a day in the first quarter of 2017 Apple has more money than the US Treasury 475 apple stores in 17 countries … Continue reading Case Study: Apple
Jack Williams Geography 